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1324. Print Words Vertically

SourceWeekly Contest 172 Q2DifficultyMediumRating1328

Description

Given a string s. Return all the words vertically in the same order in which they appear in s.
Words are returned as a list of strings, complete with spaces when is necessary. (Trailing spaces are not allowed).
Each word would be put on only one column and that in one column there will be only one word.

 

Example 1:

Input: s = "HOW ARE YOU"
Output: ["HAY","ORO","WEU"]
Explanation: Each word is printed vertically. 
 "HAY"
 "ORO"
 "WEU"

Example 2:

Input: s = "TO BE OR NOT TO BE"
Output: ["TBONTB","OEROOE","   T"]
Explanation: Trailing spaces is not allowed. 
"TBONTB"
"OEROOE"
"   T"

Example 3:

Input: s = "CONTEST IS COMING"
Output: ["CIC","OSO","N M","T I","E N","S G","T"]

 

Constraints:

  • 1 <= s.length <= 200
  • s contains only upper case English letters.
  • It's guaranteed that there is only one space between 2 words.

Solutions

Solution 1

Thinking

Words are read column-wise after a split; the height is the longest word, shorter words are padded, and trailing spaces on each column are removed. After computing that length \(n\), column \(j\) gathers the \(j\)-th character of every word (or a space), then pops trailing spaces before joining.

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class Solution:
    def printVertically(self, s: str) -> List[str]:
        words = s.split()
        n = max(len(w) for w in words)
        ans = []
        for j in range(n):
            t = [w[j] if j < len(w) else ' ' for w in words]
            while t[-1] == ' ':
                t.pop()
            ans.append(''.join(t))
        return ans

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class Solution {
    public List<String> printVertically(String s) {
        String[] words = s.split(" ");
        int n = 0;
        for (var w : words) {
            n = Math.max(n, w.length());
        }
        List<String> ans = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
            StringBuilder t = new StringBuilder();
            for (var w : words) {
                t.append(j < w.length() ? w.charAt(j) : ' ');
            }
            while (t.length() > 0 && t.charAt(t.length() - 1) == ' ') {
                t.deleteCharAt(t.length() - 1);
            }
            ans.add(t.toString());
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

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class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> printVertically(string s) {
        stringstream ss(s);
        vector<string> words;
        string word;
        int n = 0;
        while (ss >> word) {
            words.emplace_back(word);
            n = max(n, (int) word.size());
        }
        vector<string> ans;
        for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
            string t;
            for (auto& w : words) {
                t += j < w.size() ? w[j] : ' ';
            }
            while (t.size() && t.back() == ' ') {
                t.pop_back();
            }
            ans.emplace_back(t);
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

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func printVertically(s string) (ans []string) {
    words := strings.Split(s, " ")
    n := 0
    for _, w := range words {
        n = max(n, len(w))
    }
    for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
        t := []byte{}
        for _, w := range words {
            if j < len(w) {
                t = append(t, w[j])
            } else {
                t = append(t, ' ')
            }
        }
        for len(t) > 0 && t[len(t)-1] == ' ' {
            t = t[:len(t)-1]
        }
        ans = append(ans, string(t))
    }
    return
}

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